Previous research suggest three subgroups of individuals with chronic pain differing in pain-related aspects: (1) Individuals in the dysfunctional group are characterized by a high amount of perceived pain, interference, and affective distress as well as reduced general activity and life control; (2) Individuals in the interpersonally distressed group report less social support and more punishing responses by significant others; (3) Individuals in the adaptive copers group are characterized by less perceived pain and interference as well as a high levels of life control. However, studies comparing the three subgroups with respect to important processes involved in the development and maintenance of chronic pain, such as dysfunctional pain behavior or altered reward learning are sparse. In this talk, I will emphasize the pain-related and psychosocial differences between the three subgroups. The focus will be on recent results from one of our own studies in which we investigated differences between the three subgroups in pain behavior during everyday movements and neural correlates of reward learning. A better understanding of the different processes underlying the development and maintenance of chronic pain in different subgroups of individuals with chronic pain may help to improve the management of chronic pain and enhance individualized therapies.