In the first year of life, infants show a significant development in their ability to selectively attend to objects in the environment, with crucial consequences for early cognitive functioning. Social interactions influence infants’ attention: When looking at novel objects, infants’ neural responses increase following eye contact with an adult. In a series of studies, we investigated how early social interactions shape 12-month-old infants’ neural dynamics when attending to objects in different cultures and in dynamic social exchanges. For this, we used the methodological approach of rhythmic visual stimulation (RVS) combined with electroencephalography (EEG). In a first, cross-cultural study conducted in Austria and Japan, we found that infants’ visual attention style (i.e., analytic/holistic) and associated neural responses to objects as compared to image background were influenced by culture during early interactions. Already at 12 months of age, Austrian infants focused mainly on the objects, whereas Japanese infants also paid attention to the background. In a subsequent follow-up study, we are currently testing if infants’ visual attention style can be altered by differential attention guidance. In a third study using dual-EEG to measure infants’ and mothers’ brain activity simultaneously, we show that early interactions accompanied with social cues such as eye contact, infant-directed speech, and pointing promote infants’ and mothers’ neural responses when jointly attending to objects, thus facilitating visual processing. Our project highlights the role of early interactions in the development of attention allocation and visual perception in infancy and promotes the advantages of the RVS method in developmental neuroscience.