Attribution of selfhood based on simple behavioral cues: Towards a Pars Pro Toto model
Tue-H3-Talk 4-3904
Presented by: Jan Pohl
While the necessity of a concept of "self" for understanding human behavior remains subject to debate, the significance of this notion in everyday life is evident. Lay individuals ascribe selves not only to humans but also to animals and technical systems, shaping their interactions accordingly. While a layperson may not be able to provide a clear definition of a "self", the literature suggests that there are objective behavioral cues that elicit attributions of selfhood. These eliciting cues may be as minimal as simple movement perceived as causal to some event. The present work aimed to identify which types of behavioral cues may increase selfhood-attributions to other agents such as robots. Specifically, we compared behavior of non-humanoid robots suggesting either the presence or absence of behavioral cues for one of the characteristics of causality, equifinality, behavioral efficiency, learning sensitivity, and context sensitivity. Results showed a consistent pattern of increased selfhood-attribution towards robots exhibiting any one of the examined minimal characteristics. Furthermore, the majority of perceived sentient characteristics of the robot were triggered by any single characteristic’s cue. These results reflect a pattern similar to the Halo effect: Even a single cue of selfhood related characteristics may be sufficient to trigger a change in overall selfhood-attribution to robots. We frame this in a Brunswikian model of selfhood-judgement, wherein selfhood is attributed based on the activation of self-related characteristics. We propose that not all representations of characteristics are directly triggered by their corresponding behavioral cues, rather that the characteristics interact with each other.
Keywords: self, selfhood-attribution, human-robot-interaction, Halo-effect