Reading disability is one of the leading problems occurring during childhood. The problem accounts for 5-10% of school-going children. Dyslexic children do suffer from poor sequenced working memory and difficulty in suppressing phonological and visual similarities mainly for alphabets and sometimes even numbers despite average intelligence. Dyslexia prevalence related to heritability is approximately 50% shown by the genetic studies also stating higher percentages in males than females. Studies also report microscopic differences in the neuronal connection and strength in language-dominant areas of dyslexics.
A total of 207 articles were reviewed to understand the course of neurodevelopmental disorders from various sources such as web of science, web of knowledge, google scholar, Scopus and other articles published in valid governmental organizations. After reading the entire article a total of 37 articles were rejected as they were not related to nutrition, children, dyslexia, or neurodevelopmental disorders. The important omega-3 fatty acids are (1) Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), (2) Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and (3) Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Studies also suggest an adequate intake of omega-3 HUFA could reduce the behavioural and learning difficulties mainly linked with attention deficit hyperactive disorder and dyslexia during childhood. Micronutrients such as Vitamin B-12, Zinc, Folic acid, Iodine, and iron are also crucial for the cognitive development of children reported by observational studies.
To understand the complete course of reading disabilities and other developmental disorders; importance should be given to dietary habits’ also rather than just focusing on behavioural and cognitive interventions to overcome such difficulties during childhood.