In his famous law of effect, Thorndike (1911) already suggested the rate of skill acquisition to be negatively related to the time interval between a motor response and its positive or negative outcome. If true, this might have consequences for acquiring the sensorimotor transformations involved in movements with inherently delayed outcome feedback, as in throwing a ball towards a target. In the present study, we investigated whether the predictive presentation of outcome feedback (i.e., before it became naturally available) modulated behavioral and neurophysiological correlates of motor learning and action monitoring during the acquisition of a goal-directed throwing task. 44 right-handed participants who practiced a semi-virtual target throwing task called Skittles were randomly divided into two groups that differed with respect to the timing of augmented auditory feedback signaling a hit or miss of the target. The predictive feedback group (predFB) received the auditory feedback immediately after ball release and thus before the naturally available outcome feedback, whereas the normal feedback group (normFB) received the auditory feedback at the time it naturally occurred. The most conspicuous finding was that event-related EEG potentials associated with action monitoring revealed striking differences in the shape of the event-related response to the presentation of feedback as a function of presentation time. In addition, results show a clear modulation of frontomedial and posterolateral potentials according to trial context. These results highlight the importance of feedback timing for human motor learning and the necessity of considering action monitoring within its extended temporal context.