08:30 - 10:00
Tue-B21-Talk IV-
Tue-Talk IV-
Room: B21
Chair/s:
André Knops
The mental number line (MNL) as a metaphor for describing the spatially organized mental representation of numbers in long-term memory has a number of theoretical implications that refer to spatial-numerical associations (e.g. the Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes [SNARC]), biases of spatial attention (attentional SNARC), or the involvement of transient stimulus representations in working memory. The current symposium brings together empirical works from leading European labs that put these notions to test. The talks are complementary in terms of methodology (e.g. reaction time experiments; line marking tasks; word categorization tasks; temporal
order judgments tasks), investigated samples (healthy participants; neurological patients) and age range (Kindergarteners, adults) but jointly address the idea of a spatial representation of numbers from different perspectives. The common underlying theoretical framework will facilitate the exchange on limiting conditions of the MNL metaphor by transgressing disciplinary boundaries. This will help developing alternative theoretical frameworks by highlighting alternative mechanisms such as transient organizational principles in working memory, task-specific spatial response codes, or culturally mediated factors such as counting habits.
No conclusive evidence for number-induced attentional shifts in a temporal order judgment task
Tue-B21-Talk IV-03
Presented by: André Knops
Guido Hesselmann 1, André Knops 2
1 Psychologische Hochschule Berlin (PHB), Department of General and Biological Psychology, Berlin, Germany, 2 UMR CNRS 8240, Department of Psychology, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
The Spatial Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect refers to the observation that relatively small (e.g., 1) and large numbers (e.g., 9) elicit faster left-sided and right-sided manual responses, respectively. In a variation known as the attentional SNARC effect, merely looking at numbers caused a left- or rightward shift in covert spatial attention, depending on the number’s magnitude. In our study, we probed the notion that numbers induce shifts of spatial attention in accordance with their position on a mental number line (MNL). Critically, we removed any putative spatial response code that may contaminate the responses. We used a square and a tilted square as targets, thereby situating the decisive response dimension in the ventral, non-spatial processing stream. In two experiments where numbers were used as non-informative cues preceding a temporal order judgment (TOJ) task, we did not observe a deflection of the locus of spatial attention as a function of the numerical magnitude of the cue. In a third experiment, finding a significant modulation of TOJ performance as a function of the pointing direction of arrow cues allowed us to rule out the possibility that the absence of any significant modulation in experiments 1 and 2 was due to a lack of sensitivity of our task set-up. We conclude from the current findings that the spatial codes that the perception and naming of numbers potentially elicit are not in and by themselves sufficient to elicit deflections of spatial attention.
Keywords: attentional SNARC, numerical cognition, spatial attention, prior entry, spatial numerical association