16:30 - 18:00
Mon-A8-Talk III-
Mon-Talk III-
Room: A8
Chair/s:
Michaela Rohr
Emotional faces are one of the most prominent sources for social inferences, and many of these inferences come along automatic (i.e., fast, efficient, unintentional, non-consciously). Research in this field has a long tradition in experimental psychology, and many implicit methods were developed to target the processing of social information from faces. Yet, the research so far focused mostly on the evaluative dimension, static features, and lab experiments. Our symposium brings together latest research approaches studying the influence of emotional faces in social cognition, using new (potentially more ecologically valid) approaches, and spanning some of the most recent debated issues. In detail, Emre Gurbuz’ talk focuses on the dynamics of facial features (i.e., emotion, ethnicity) and how these impact evaluative priming effects – a so far often neglected issue. Vanessa Mitschke’s research is targeting reactions to others with a very different, yet also dynamic approach: In a series of studies, she found more efficient response inhibition of facial muscle activation towards disliked targets in a go/nogo task. Janet Wessler investigated the influence of facial information in online-negotiations, showing that facial trustworthiness influences anchoring effects. Using a new, endogenous cueing paradigm, Timea Folyi and colleagues highlight that emotional information can be used in a flexible, goal-relevant manner, however, only, if participants intentionally and explicitly make use of the context-bound meaning of the emotional faces. Michaela Rohr’s talk focuses on the role of physiological facial information in behavioral measures, suggesting that simulation of activated mental content might drive physiological activity.Emotional faces are one of the most prominent sources for social inferences, and many of these inferences come along automatic (i.e., fast, efficient, unintentional, non-consciously). Research in this field has a long tradition in experimental psychology, and many implicit methods were developed to
target the processing of social information from faces. Yet, the research so far focused mostly on the evaluative dimension, static features, and lab experiments. Our symposium brings together latest research approaches studying the influence of emotional faces in social cognition, using new (potentially more ecologically valid) approaches, and spanning some of the most recent debated issues. In detail, Emre Gurbuz’ talk focuses on the dynamics of facial features (i.e., emotion, ethnicity) and how these impact evaluative priming effects – a so far often neglected issue. Vanessa Mitschke’s research is targeting reactions to others with a very different, yet also dynamic
approach: In a series of studies, she found more efficient response inhibition of facial muscle activation towards disliked targets in a go/nogo task. Janet Wessler investigated the influence of facial information in online-negotiations, showing that facial trustworthiness influences anchoring effects. Using a new, endogenous cueing paradigm, Timea Folyi and colleagues highlight that emotional information can be used in a flexible, goal-relevant manner, however, only, if participants intentionally and explicitly make use of the context-bound meaning of the emotional faces. Michaela Rohr’s talk focuses on the role of physiological facial information in behavioral measures, suggesting that simulation of activated mental content might drive physiological activity.
Flexible, goal-relevant usage of emotion information: The role of contingency awareness in endogenous cueing
Mon-A8-Talk III-04
Presented by: Timea Folyi
Timea Folyi, Dirk Wentura
Saarland University
Emotional facial expressions do not only trigger processes that are intrinsically related to their emotional meaning, but their emotional information can be used to initiate flexible, goal-directed processes. Specifically, emotional expressions can serve as informative cues in endogenous cueing, efficiently directing attention to a target location (Folyi, Rohr, & Wentura, 2020). In this task, we used emotional faces as central cues, while the emotional expression of the face signaled with p=.80 the lateral location of upcoming targets. Cueing effect emerged fast, based on specific emotions, and even masked presented emotional faces could be utilized to control anticipatory attention.
The present talk targets the underlying mechanism of this effect. In two experiments, we tested whether cueing effect emerges based on (a) explicit prior knowledge (or recognition) of cue-target contingencies; or (b) implicit learning of these contingencies. First, cue emotion was again predictive to the target location, but critically, participants did not receive any information about this relationship. Majority of the participants could not report the contingencies, and there was no indication of cueing. In a second experiment, we tested if reliable cueing effects emerge if cues are not predictive, thus, solely based on the instructions to use the emotional information for spatial orienting. Significant cueing effects emerged, suggesting that explicit instructions even without cue-target contingencies can play a critical role. Overall, our results indicate that participants can “tune” their attentional system voluntarily to use the context-bound meaning of emotional faces with remarkable efficiency, while implicit probability learning does not explain the effect.
Keywords: emotional facial expressions, attention, spatial cueing