Flexible, goal-relevant usage of emotion information: The role of contingency awareness in endogenous cueing
Mon-A8-Talk III-04
Presented by: Timea Folyi
Emotional facial expressions do not only trigger processes that are intrinsically related to their emotional meaning, but their emotional information can be used to initiate flexible, goal-directed processes. Specifically, emotional expressions can serve as informative cues in endogenous cueing, efficiently directing attention to a target location (Folyi, Rohr, & Wentura, 2020). In this task, we used emotional faces as central cues, while the emotional expression of the face signaled with p=.80 the lateral location of upcoming targets. Cueing effect emerged fast, based on specific emotions, and even masked presented emotional faces could be utilized to control anticipatory attention.
The present talk targets the underlying mechanism of this effect. In two experiments, we tested whether cueing effect emerges based on (a) explicit prior knowledge (or recognition) of cue-target contingencies; or (b) implicit learning of these contingencies. First, cue emotion was again predictive to the target location, but critically, participants did not receive any information about this relationship. Majority of the participants could not report the contingencies, and there was no indication of cueing. In a second experiment, we tested if reliable cueing effects emerge if cues are not predictive, thus, solely based on the instructions to use the emotional information for spatial orienting. Significant cueing effects emerged, suggesting that explicit instructions even without cue-target contingencies can play a critical role. Overall, our results indicate that participants can “tune” their attentional system voluntarily to use the context-bound meaning of emotional faces with remarkable efficiency, while implicit probability learning does not explain the effect.
The present talk targets the underlying mechanism of this effect. In two experiments, we tested whether cueing effect emerges based on (a) explicit prior knowledge (or recognition) of cue-target contingencies; or (b) implicit learning of these contingencies. First, cue emotion was again predictive to the target location, but critically, participants did not receive any information about this relationship. Majority of the participants could not report the contingencies, and there was no indication of cueing. In a second experiment, we tested if reliable cueing effects emerge if cues are not predictive, thus, solely based on the instructions to use the emotional information for spatial orienting. Significant cueing effects emerged, suggesting that explicit instructions even without cue-target contingencies can play a critical role. Overall, our results indicate that participants can “tune” their attentional system voluntarily to use the context-bound meaning of emotional faces with remarkable efficiency, while implicit probability learning does not explain the effect.
Keywords: emotional facial expressions, attention, spatial cueing