16:30 - 18:00
Mon-B17-Talk III-
Mon-Talk III-
Room: B17
Chair/s:
Mark Vollrath
The first part of the symposium examines basic cognitive functions in the context of traffic. Working memory is an essential requirement for situation awareness and is examined in an experimental approach with regard to the amount of information and the time passed since perceiving the information. The following two presentations focus on influencing factors for another basic perceptual aspect required for save behavior in traffic, namely time-to-collision estimation. The first of these examines the role of auditory and audiovisual cues while the second works on improving these estimations. The second part shifts to a more applied approach: The fourth presentation examines a neuro-VR approach to examine one of the most accident-prone situations in traffic, driving at intersections. The fifth presentation shifts the focus from cars to bicyclists. In line with current trends to increase the frequency of cycling, an experimental study examines which characteristics of roads are relevant for cyclists and why. The last presentation again shifts the focus to another future part of traffic, namely urban air vehicles and their acceptance. Overall, this symposium demonstrates the width of current traffic psychology research.
A Neuro-VR approach to investigating driving behaviour at intersections
Mon-B17-Talk III-03
Presented by: Ulrike Senftleben
Ulrike Senftleben 1, Klaus Kessler 2, 3
1 Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany, 2 University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland, 3 Aston University, Birmingham, UK
Intersections are potential hotspots for crashes, oftentimes caused by human error. Hence, it is important to understand the cognitive processes underlying driving behaviour at intersection. Here, we developed a driving simulation in virtual reality (VR) where participants drove through a series of intersection in order to reach a target destination. We systematically varied the amount of traffic, right of way (vs. give way), and the presence of a pedestrian running across the street. The VR scenario allowed us to record a variety of behavioural data, such as velocity, acceleration/braking patterns and lane position. We further recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) while participants were driving in the VR scenario. This Neuro-VR approach allowed us to investigate the neural correlates of realistic driving while maintaining full experimental control. In our final sample of 20 younger adults, we analysed patterns of driving behaviour in separate time segments leading up to the intersection. Our results showed that participants reduced their speed early when giving way (vs. right of way) and reduced their speed later when approaching an intersection with traffic (vs. no traffic). When giving way, participants were slower to activate their indicator (vs. when having right of way). We further analysed theta power, an EEG marker of attentional control. Preliminary results showed an early increase in theta power when approaching an intersection with traffic, potentially indicating a preparatory enhancement of control. Finally, we discuss the advantages and potential pitfalls of Neuro-VR in driving research.
Keywords: driving behaviour, virtual reality, theta power