16:30 - 18:00
Mon-B17-Talk III-
Mon-Talk III-
Room: B17
Chair/s:
Mark Vollrath
The first part of the symposium examines basic cognitive functions in the context of traffic. Working memory is an essential requirement for situation awareness and is examined in an experimental approach with regard to the amount of information and the time passed since perceiving the information. The following two presentations focus on influencing factors for another basic perceptual aspect required for save behavior in traffic, namely time-to-collision estimation. The first of these examines the role of auditory and audiovisual cues while the second works on improving these estimations. The second part shifts to a more applied approach: The fourth presentation examines a neuro-VR approach to examine one of the most accident-prone situations in traffic, driving at intersections. The fifth presentation shifts the focus from cars to bicyclists. In line with current trends to increase the frequency of cycling, an experimental study examines which characteristics of roads are relevant for cyclists and why. The last presentation again shifts the focus to another future part of traffic, namely urban air vehicles and their acceptance. Overall, this symposium demonstrates the width of current traffic psychology research.
Pedestrians' erroneous time-to-collision estimation for accelerating vehicles: Evaluating potential countermeasures
Mon-B17-Talk III-02
Presented by: Marlene Wessels
Marlene Wessels, Daniel Oberfeld-Twistel
Institute of Psychology, Section Experimental Psychology, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Wallstrasse 3, 55122 Mainz, Germany
When judging the time-to-collision (TTC) of visually presented accelerating vehicles, pedestrians do not adequately consider the acceleration and commit systematic estimation errors (first-order pattern, resulting in TTC overestimation), which represents a potential risk. These estimation errors are largely removed when the sound of conventional (but not electric) vehicles is presented. We investigated whether a visual acceleration signal (Exp 1.) or trial-by-trial feedback about the estimation accuracy (Exp. 2) can improve visual-only TTC estimation for accelerating vehicles and thus can reconcile pedestrian safety and noise reduction. In a VR traffic simulation showing a pedestrian's perspective at the curb, participants estimated the TTC for constant-velocity and accelerated vehicle approaches. In half of the blocks in Exp. 1 (n = 26), a light band on the windshield illuminated whenever the vehicle accelerated but remained deactivated at constant speeds. In the other blocks, the light band never illuminated. Without acceleration signal, we observed the expected erroneous, first-order pattern in TTC estimation for accelerated approaches. With acceleration signal, the first-order pattern was reduced. Exp. 2 (n = 20) included 3 blocks, of which only the second provided trial-by-trial feedback about the TTC estimation accuracy. Although participants adjusted their estimations during/after the feedback, in each block, the estimations for accelerated approaches showed a consistent first-order pattern. This suggests that the feedback did not help participants in considering the acceleration. Overall, a binary visual acceleration signal rather than training with feedback could be a potential countermeasure against pedestrians' erroneous TTC estimation for silent accelerating vehicles.
Keywords: time-to-collision estimation, pedestrian, acceleration, traffic safety