08:30 - 10:00
Mon-B16-Talk I-
Mon-Talk I-
Room: B16
Chair/s:
Linda McCaughey
Cognitive-ecological approaches have emphasised the influence of the information sample on judgements and decisions. These information samples are often actively solicited and thus crucially influenced by the agent’s cognitive processing and goals. This symposium will shed light on how these influences extend to judgements and decisions via the underlying information sampling process. Seidler will discuss how basic cognitive processes in number perception and integration impact economic judgement when information is acquired by sequentially sampling positive and negative numbers. Prager will highlight diagnosticity as a crucial determinant of sampling and judgement behaviour. In a personnel selection context, not only the characteristics of the information on the candidate, but also their interaction with characteristics of the target job profile determined information search, job-fit judgements and confidence. Taking up confidence, McCaughey will examine how accumulated evidence and subjective confidence are used to regulate the amount of sampled information and discuss potential ways of how the two interact. Niese tested the role of sampling in an evaluative conditioning context and will present findings demonstrating that people show a positive evaluative shift after sampling conditioned stimuli more (vs. less frequently), regardless of whether a stimulus is paired with positive or negative unconditioned stimuli. Importantly, this effect is moderated by people’s sampling goals. Biella will explain how the exploration of the social environment strongly depends on whether the information search is interested (information is immediately rewarding conditionally on its pleasantness) or disinterested (information is accumulated for later use). How biased an information sample is depends on which of the two dominates the sampling process. The final discussion will engage the audience in a discussion about how these research questions and insights can be connected in the name of theory integration.
The flexibility of sampling’s positive impact on evaluation
Mon-B16-Talk I-04
Presented by: Zachary Niese
Zachary Niese, Mandy Hütter
Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen
In a recent series of studies, we replicated approach-avoidance effects, whereby merely approaching a stimulus leads people to evaluate it more positively, within a valent environment in which participants were given genuine autonomy over which stimuli they chose to approach. Specifically, sampling a stimulus more often predicted increased liking of the stimulus, regardless of whether it was consistently paired with positive or negative images. The current experiment tests the malleability of this effect based on people’s interpretations of what their approach behavior signals. Participants played an environmentalism game in which they sampled faces of CEOs, which were then paired with positive images of environmental protection or negative images of environmental harm that were caused by the CEO’s company policies. Participants were randomly assigned goals that would encourage them to sample positively (find instances of protection to encourage), negatively (find instances of harm to discourage), or in a balanced way (find instances of both). We found that the effect of approach on subsequent evaluations of a stimulus depended on sampling goal. Sampling a stimulus more (vs. less) frequently predicted a more positive evaluative shift regardless of paired valence among participants with a positive sampling goal, but a negative evaluative shift among participants with a negative sampling goal. Among participants with a balanced goal, the approaching a stimulus more increased the effect of paired valence. Thus, the current findings highlight the malleability of approach-avoidance effects, demonstrating instances in which choosing to frequently approach a stimulus can lead to liking it less.
Keywords: sampling, evaluative conditioning