08:30 - 10:00
Mon-B16-Talk I-
Mon-Talk I-
Room: B16
Chair/s:
Linda McCaughey
Cognitive-ecological approaches have emphasised the influence of the information sample on judgements and decisions. These information samples are often actively solicited and thus crucially influenced by the agent’s cognitive processing and goals. This symposium will shed light on how these influences extend to judgements and decisions via the underlying information sampling process. Seidler will discuss how basic cognitive processes in number perception and integration impact economic judgement when information is acquired by sequentially sampling positive and negative numbers. Prager will highlight diagnosticity as a crucial determinant of sampling and judgement behaviour. In a personnel selection context, not only the characteristics of the information on the candidate, but also their interaction with characteristics of the target job profile determined information search, job-fit judgements and confidence. Taking up confidence, McCaughey will examine how accumulated evidence and subjective confidence are used to regulate the amount of sampled information and discuss potential ways of how the two interact. Niese tested the role of sampling in an evaluative conditioning context and will present findings demonstrating that people show a positive evaluative shift after sampling conditioned stimuli more (vs. less frequently), regardless of whether a stimulus is paired with positive or negative unconditioned stimuli. Importantly, this effect is moderated by people’s sampling goals. Biella will explain how the exploration of the social environment strongly depends on whether the information search is interested (information is immediately rewarding conditionally on its pleasantness) or disinterested (information is accumulated for later use). How biased an information sample is depends on which of the two dominates the sampling process. The final discussion will engage the audience in a discussion about how these research questions and insights can be connected in the name of theory integration.
Diagnosticity in Personnel Selection: Effects of the Big Two on Sampling and Judgement Behaviour
Mon-B16-Talk I-02
Presented by: Johannes Prager
Johannes Prager 1, Linda McCaughey 2, Klaus Fiedler 2
1 Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, 2 Universität Heidelberg
In a series of person impression formation experiments, we confirmed the systematic impact of diagnosticity on sampling and judgement behaviour. When forming impressions on target individuals and groups from trait words, the required number of words (sample size) and the strength of the resulting impression are both a function of input valence, extremity and stimulus density (i.e. the multi-dimensional distance between sampled traits).
We transferred this diagnosticity perspective to a personnel selection paradigm, where participants were instructed to form an impression on a target applicant characterised by their behaviour in an assessment centre. We systematically presented target behaviours according to the big two (agency vs. communion) and valence (positive vs. negative behaviours). We found evidence for an interdependent impact of the big two and valence on sampling and judgement behaviour. Candidates characterized by negative communion and positive agency behaviours were judged more strongly and confidently and samples were stopped earlier compared to positive communion and negative agency behaviours. In addition, the target job profile was adjusted to either require an agentic or a communal profile. Fit of behaviours to profile predicted sampling and judgement behaviour as well.
In different paradigms, we found evidence for diagnosticity effects, which systematically depend on the task (question asked/ hypothesis tested) and the information environment (density/frequency structure in a typical environment).
Keywords: diagnosticity, sampling, impression formation