As offshore and onshore wind farms increasingly approach gigawatt-scale installations, accurate modeling of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) wind turbines becomes critical for power system planning and operation. This paper presents comprehensive generic models for Type 3 wind turbines capable of operating in both grid-following (GFL) and grid-forming (GFM) modes, with extensive validation through Controller Hardware-in-the-Loop (CHIL) simulations using actual lab test data.

The developed models encompass all essential components for electromagnetic transient (EMT) applications, including detailed mechanical and electrical controls. The mechanical modeling incorporates pitch control with aerodynamic representation and torsional dynamics, while the electrical controls feature plant-level active and reactive power regulation with sophisticated outer loop implementations. For GFL operation, the model includes common positive sequence active and reactive power modes with the option to choose between IEEE 1547-2018 and IEEE 2800-2022 standard capability. The GFM implementation provides flexibility between classical droop control and virtual synchronous machine operation, along with auxiliary negative sequence controls for enhanced grid support.

Extensive validation will be conducted against Real-Time Digital Simulator (RTDS) hardware-in-the-loop results using production control hardware and software from onshore wind platforms. The RTDS electrical system model includes electrical grid, turbine transformers, generators, switchgear, and power electronics converters, previously calibrated against actual wind generator lab tests. Six validation cases will examine different fault levels—shallow, medium, and severe—under both balanced three-phase-to-ground and unbalanced line-to-line fault conditions at various initial operating points (3600kW/1454RPM and 2102kW/900RPM). Voltage ride-through testing will include 160ms three-phase zero-voltage scenarios with short circuit ratios of 7.25. The developed models will be compared against RTDS results across pre-fault, during-fault, and post-fault periods, particularly in the slower dynamic response range critical for system-level studies.

The models support auxiliary controls for IEEE 1547-2018 and IEEE 2800-2022 compatibility and include DFIG-specific protection circuits such as crowbar systems. Grid-forming capabilities enable black-start operations and seamless microgrid transitions. These comprehensive models provide utilities and researchers with the ability to assess the impacts of large-scale wind grid integration. The generic model implementation facilitates widespread adoption and continued development within the power systems community.