The global transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is reshaping the future of power systems, particularly in emerging markets where EV adoption is rising rapidly but infrastructure remains underdeveloped. Strategic charging infrastructure planning, combined with smart charging technologies, is essential to prevent grid overload, optimize energy usage, and ensure long-term sustainability. This paper presents a holistic framework for planning, deploying, and operating EV charging infrastructure integrated with smart energy management in emerging market contexts, with a special focus on Southeast Asia.

Our approach begins with spatial-temporal modeling to assess demand profiles and optimal charger placement using traffic flow, energy consumption patterns, and geographic grid constraints. We examine multiple charging scenarios involving AC (7-22 kW), DC fast (50-150 kW), and ultra-fast (350 kW+) chargers, and model their respective load impacts on medium- and low-voltage distribution systems. Results reveal that uncoordinated deployment, especially of DC fast chargers, can create localized grid stress requiring costly reinforcement while planned deployment with load forecasting can delay or avoid grid upgrades.

To mitigate these risks, we explore the application of smart charging techniques including dynamic load management, time-of-use (ToU) pricing, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based scheduling to shift EV charging to periods of low demand or high renewable energy availability. Moreover, we analyze the role of vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems in providing ancillary services such as frequency regulation and demand response. Our case analysis in the Thai market suggests that V2G-compatible charging hubs could deliver an annual return exceeding $1,000 per vehicle under appropriate regulatory support.

A financial feasibility model is developed based on current Thai market data, incorporating capital costs, energy pricing, maintenance, and expected utilization rates. Under baseline assumptions (utilization of 40%, energy margin of $0.15/kWh), a typical DC fast charging site can achieve payback within 3–5 years. Incorporating smart charging algorithms and demand response can improve profitability and shorten the break-even point. Government incentives, such as tax holidays and EV infrastructure subsidies, further enhance viability, particularly when coupled with carbon credit trading mechanisms.

Finally, the paper discusses the importance of policy harmonization, interoperability standards (e.g., OCPP, ISO 15118), and cybersecurity frameworks to support smart charging deployment at scale. Public-private partnerships and urban mobility integration are also identified as key enablers in the infrastructure rollout.

This contribution directly aligns with the EMOB25 track “Charging Infrastructure Planning and Smart Charging,” and offers a replicable strategy for utilities, cities, and private operators to build smart, resilient, and future-ready EV charging networks in fast-growing economies.