The number of electric vehicles (EVs) is increasing and is expected to rise further as Germany advances its energy transition. Starting in 2025, under § 41a of the Energy Industry Act (EnWG), all electricity providers must offer dynamic tariffs that adjust based on real-time market prices, incentivizing consumers to optimize their energy usage. However, the influence of these regulatory modifications on the uptake of EVs is still under investigation. This study investigates the economic viability and acceptance of EVs in urban residential areas within existing regulatory frameworks, focusing on the role of smart charging strategies. Additionally, the ancillary services, including inertia support and demand response are examined to assess their scalability potential.

Adopting a household perspective, this study incorporates current and potential future regulatory adjustments such as time-variable grid fees, dynamic electricity tariffs, and bidirectional charging mechanisms. To achieve these objectives, the EV mobility patterns are modelled via the MILP framework datafev from E.ON ERC at RWTH Aachen are extended to incorporate the developed smart charging algorithms. SimBench LV rural grid could be used to assess scalability. Four distinct charging approaches are analyzed: (i) uncontrolled charging with fixed prices, (ii) market-driven charging aligned with renewable energy availability, (iii) dynamic grid charge pricing responsive to network congestion, and (iv) bidirectional pricing incentivizing energy feed-in to the grid. Historical data is leveraged to evaluate cost implications and assess the financial feasibility of each charging strategy.

Expected results will include a comparative analysis of electricity bills across various tariff structures, highlighting the impact of smart charging on household energy expenses and grid efficiency. Additionally, the study explores whether negative electricity bills could be achieved through optimized charging strategies, offering insights into how load management, renewable energy utilization, and dynamic pricing can benefit both consumers and the power system. Findings are expected to show that uncontrolled charging leads to simultaneous demand peaks, potentially triggering load-shedding measures by grid operators. Market-driven charging could reduce renewable energy curtailment, utilizing excess generation for EV charging, while dynamic grid pricing may mitigate overload scenarios. Bidirectional pricing is expected to provide the most financially favorable outcomes for consumers participating in ancillary services.