The vomeronasal organ (VNO) plays a crucial role in mammals since its sensory epithelium (VNSE) allows the detection of semiochemicals, contributing to their communication capabilities. Recently, we described the existence of inflammatory changes in the VNO of cats and pigs, associated with the presence of aggressive behaviours. This study aimed to investigate if also the sheep is concerned by this pathology, considering the key-role of chemical communication in this species. Twenty-four VNOs were sampled from 12 ewes that were humanely euthanized for another project (approved by IRSEA’s Ethical Committee). VNO samples were submitted to haematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical anti-Gαi2 protein staining, in order to measure VNSE condition, its thickness and the number of Gαi2+ neurons. The statistical analysis was performed to compare the presence of inflammation to the VNSE thickness and to the number of Gαi2+ neurons. Six of the 12 ewes (50%) presented both the VNSE healthy, 3/12 (25%) presented an unilateral VNSE inflammation and the remaining 3/12 (25%) a bilateral VNSE inflammation. Of the 24 analysed VNSE, 15 (63%) were healthy, 4 (17%) were affected by weak inflammation and 5 (20%) by moderate inflammation. The statistical analysis revealed that the inflammation did not statistically influence VNSE thickness and the number of Gαi2+ neurons (P>0.05), even if a strong decrease of these cells was observed in inflamed VNSE (50.2 cells/mm2) compared to the healthy one (98.3 cells/mm2). To our knowledge, these preliminary data represent the first description of vomeronasalitis in sheep. Contrary to what reported in pigs, this condition seems to affect a smaller part of animals, probably because the farming system allows the access to an exterior space, reducing the exposure to farm gases and dust. Contrary to porcine vomeronasalitis, this inflammation does not seem to induce neuronal loss, even if a strong decrease of Gαi2+ cells was observed in inflamed VNSE.