Food reward is not a unitary concept. While “liking” refers to the hedonic pleasure during food consumption, “wanting” refers to the motivation to obtain a reward. Studies comparing liking and wanting in healthy-weight individuals (HW) and participants with obesity (OB) have brought mixed evidence. Here we compared the neural correlates of these two sub-components of food reward in HW and OB participants. Participants came in the lab after overnight fasting. They reported their trial-by-trial hedonic experience (liking) while consuming a high-calorie food (milkshake) and a tasteless solution. Participants also completed an analog of a Pavlovian-Instrumental Transfer test (PIT) to measure cue triggered wanting. They first learned to associate a neutral geometric figure to a food reward and an instrumental action to the reception of the food reward. After this learning phase, we measured the influence of the Pavlovian stimuli associated to food reward on the effort mobilized. The solutions were administered inside the scanner with a Magnetic Resonance Imaging-compatible gustometer to assess neural responses during consumption. 25 age and gender matched HW participants (age: 35.93±12.37, BMI = 22.37±1.77) and 57 OB participants without diabetes (age: 38.96±12.26 years old, BMI = 35.54±3.15) were tested. Our results show a dissociation in the neural activation patterns during both liking and wanting with increased prefrontal activation in OB participants versus increased cerebellar activation (in particular of lobe VIII and Crus II regions) in the HW participants. This could suggest differential brain activation patterns in taste-related reward processing. We could speculate that OB participants exert more control in these high-calorie food related tasks explaining increased prefrontal activation, whereas HW individuals rely more on the posterior cerebellum as part of a self-related emotional processing network. Fundings: Novo Nordisk; SNSF grant to GC (PCEGP1_181094)