Olfaction underlies our ability to detect chemicals in the environment. Often underappreciated, olfactory dysfunctions affect one out of twenty individuals and aging and infections are the leading causes for these changes. Olfactory Training, consisting of repeated short-term exposures to specific sets of odorants, is one of the few established treatments effective in rescuing olfactory dysfunctions. Effective in only 50% of patients, biological mechanisms behind it are still unknown, limiting the identification of novel and more efficient treatments. Olfactory Epithelium, part of the peripheral nervous system, is the area with the highest regenerative potential in our nervous system and the only adult neurogenic niche confirmed to exist in both, rodents and humans. scRNA-Seq was recently employed, in both species, to characterize the Neural Stem Cells in the OE, identifying the molecular signatures of quiescent and active NSCs which in turn give rise to olfactory sensory neurons, maintaining the homeostasis of the tissue. Using in combination molecular, cellular, and functional approaches, my project aims to unravel a possible link between olfactory training and adult neurogenesis in the OE. Here, I reproduced human OT in wild type adult mice to address its effect on NSCs behaviour. Ongoing analysis suggest that OT was sufficient to induce NSCs to exit their quiescent state in mice. Upon training, increases were observed also in the number of proliferating neural progenitors, confirming the neurogenic nature of the effect and suggesting a connection between neurogenesis and olfactory functions. To further confirm our hypothesis, our plan now is to dig into the transcriptional landscape of patients’ cells, addressing if and to which extent the same mechanisms apply in humans. In the future, our study may provide new insight and a better understanding of the basic biology of olfactory functions towards new strategies to treat related dysfunctions.