Investigating cortical readout of temporal codes for olfaction
Poster presentation
Many neural circuits exhibit reproducible sequences of activity that correlate with perception, action, or distinct internal states. Neural sequences lasting on the order of tens to hundreds of milliseconds are proposed to mediate essential cognitive processes including navigation, memory encoding and retrieval, and sensory discrimination. However, the extent to which the temporal structure of these sequences impacts the activity of downstream reader circuits remains relatively unexplored. A key example is in the olfactory system, where odors activate stereotyped spatiotemporal sequences of olfactory bulb (OB) glomeruli. The temporal structure of glomerular activity is thought to convey information about odor quality. However, the sensitivity of populations of neurons in downstream piriform cortex to the precise timing of glomerular sequences is not known. To address this question, we developed methods to perform patterned optogenetic activation of olfactory bulb glomeruli while recording extracellularly from large populations of neurons in piriform cortex (PCx) of the awake mouse. To assess how glomerular sequence timing impacts PCx output, we optogenetically activated sequences of glomeruli and jittered the onset timing of each glomerulus while preserving the overall order and duration of the sequence. We found that ensemble representations in PCx are sensitive to the millisecond timing of these input sequences, suggesting that PCx is highly optimized to distinguish between different temporal input codes. In future experiments, we plan to investigate the circuit mechanisms that support this temporal specificity. These findings will provide novel insights into the computational principles and mechanisms underlying neural sequence readout in cortical circuits. This work is supported by NIH U19-NS112953.