Beyond GDP: an analysis of the socio-economic diversity of European regions
We analyze the socioeconomic diversity of the European Union (EU-28) regions from a dynamic perspective. We combine exploratory space-time analysis approaches to multiple Factor Analysis (MFA) applied to a various indicators at the NUTS-2 level for 2000–2015 in EU-28. The first factor of MFA, interpreted as economic development (ECO-DEV), is spatially clustered and a moderate convergence process is at work. Moreover, the convergence pattern detected with GDP per capita is more pronounced: ECO-DEV adjusts slower over time compared to GDP per capita. Third, pictures provided by the remaining interesting factors, capturing educational attainment, population dynamics and employment, are very different.