It has been reported that IL-15 was correlated to the pathogenesis of Behçet's disease (BD). However, there was no evidence for IL-15 receptor (IL-15R) in BD patients until now. HSV has been regarded as one of etiological factors for BD. BD mouse model was developed with HSV type 1 inoculation. The expression of IL-15Rα was evaluated in PBMC of BD patients and BD mouse model by flow cytometry. The frequencies of IL-15Rα+ PBMC were down-regulated in BD patients and BD mice compared to no symptomatic control or healthy groups. pIL-15/15Rα complex expressing vector and IL-15/IL-15Rα protein complex were applied to BD mice for up-regulation of IL-15Rα+ cells as a therapeutic supplement for the improvement of BD symptoms. The frequencies of IL-15Rα+ cells were up-regulated and the disease severity score was changed in BD mice after vector or protein application. In addition, BD mice treated with infliximab, anti-TNFα antibody, also increased IL-15Rα+ cells compared to not treated BD mice (p=0.03). The obtained results showed the correlation of IL-15Rα in BD patients and BD mice.