Submission 323
Speaking to Offload Memory to a Partner Overcomes the Production Effect
SymposiumTalk-04
Presented by: Rachel M. Brown
We often ask others to help us remember information, but how does speaking to others for this purpose influence memory? Transactive memory theory predicts that when partners share a memory task, exchanging information while learning allows them to divide the memory load, such that each person can forget the partner’s share of the information. Yet, producing information (e.g., speaking) is known to improve memory compared to perceiving it (the production effect). We examined whether speaking to offload memory to a partner in a shared memory task enables offloading, and thus overrides the production effect. In two experiments (Exp. 1 N=45, Exp. 2 N=43), participants studied words by reading them out loud or silently. In one condition participants studied alone, and in the other they studied with a confederate (Exp. 1) or participant (Exp. 2) partner who took responsibility for remembering the words the participant spoke out loud. Recognition (Exp. 1 and 2) and recall (Exp. 2) tests, always performed alone, followed each study condition. Speaking to a partner in order to offload both reduced and reversed the production effect. After speaking alone, participants showed the typical recall and recognition advantage for spoken words compared to non-spoken (silent) words (production effect). After speaking to offload, participants recalled substantially fewer spoken words compared to silent words, and they showed no recognition advantage for spoken words. These effects were more pronounced for those who rated the partner as helpful or reliable. These findings suggest that speaking can enable memory offloading in shared-memory contexts.