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16:30 - 18:00
Parallel sessions 6
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16:30 - 18:00
Room: HSZ - N5
Chair/s:
Wiebke Hemming, Fabian E. Gümüsdagli
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember intended actions and execute them at a specific time point (time-based PM) or in response to a specific event (event-based PM) in the future (for an overview, see Bayen et al., 2024). PM is pivotal for goal-directed behavior in everyday life, and everyday errors frequently involve PM failures (Crovitz & Daniel, 1984; Kvavilashvili et al., 2001; Terry, 1988). Over the past decades, PM research has evolved into a broad field encompassing laboratory paradigms, naturalistic studies, neurophysiological studies and metacognitive and cognitive modeling approaches. Despite this progress, many of the key questions remain unanswered about the mechanisms supporting PM across different contexts, time frames, and age groups. 
This symposium brings together recent advances from diverse domains of PM research. The first talk focuses on the functional neuroanatomy of event-based and time-based PM in healthy older adults. The second talk examines age differences in metacognitive monitoring and control processes in PM, focusing on how these mechanisms support the management of intentions across adulthood. The third talk focuses on a metacognitive path model of time-based PM, tested empirically on multiple datasets. The fourth talk introduces a novel bi-factor modeling approach that separates bottom-up spontaneous retrieval from top-down preparatory processes in event-based PM. Finally, the fifth talk introduces a new cognitive model that disentangles the prospective component—remembering that something must be done—and the retrospective components of event-based PM, namely remembering what must be done and when. Together, this symposium provides an integrative perspective on current theoretical and methodological developments in PM research and concludes with a discussion of challenges in measuring PM performance and promising directions for future work.
Submission 621
The Functional Neuroanatomy of Event-Based and Time-Based Prospective Memory
SymposiumTalk-01
Presented by: Raphaela Schöpfer
Jessica Peter 1, 2, Marta Menendez-Granda 1, 2, 3, Raphaela Schöpfer 1, Nadine Schmidt 1, Sebastian Horn 4, Matthias Kliegel 5, Michael Orth 1
1 University Hospital of Old Age Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Switzerland
2 Swiss Institute for Translational and Entrepreneurial Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
3 Graduate School for Health Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland
4 Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Switzerland
5 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Switzerland

Prospective memory anchors upcoming activities in future time and space either cued externally (event-based prospective memory) or internally (time-based prospective memory). It is key to remain autonomous and can be enhanced using incentives. To examine the neuronal underpinnings of prospective memory and any performance improvement, we randomly assigned 58 healthy older participants (60-75 years old, 36 women) to event-based and time-based prospective memory tasks using 7T-fMRI, with or without incentives.

Event-based and time-based PM differed in their functional neuroanatomy. Event-based tasks required activity important for the perception of relevant changes in the environment and for adapting the focus of attention to then respond swiftly. Time-based tasks, in contrast, involved regions supporting cognitive control or serving as a multimodal information buffer. Incentives had no effect in time-based prospective memory but recruited brain regions important for attention thus improving cue recognition in event-based prospective memory.

This highlights the differences between these two prospective memory types and the need for differential approaches depending on the type of memory demand.