Key components of executive control undergo significant changes during adolescence, yet its structure and development growth remain under debate. Using behavioral tasks and self-report measures of the three key components working memory (WM), cognitive flexibility (CF), and inhibition, we examined the factor structure of executive control and its age-related changes in a cross-sectional sample of 175 adolescents (age range=9–18 years). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) results indicated that a three-factor model (WM, CF, Inhibition) provided a better fit to the data than a unitary model. To evaluate age-invariance, we split the sample at the median (younger: n = 88; older: n = 87). Factor structure and loadings did not differ across age groups, suggesting that the latent structure is comparable for younger and older adolescents. Using generalized additive models, we observed distinct, non-linear developmental trajectories. WM showed its most rapid improvement in early adolescence, while the fastest growth in CF and state inhibition happened during mid-adolescence. Our results also revealed a clear difference between state and trait measures of inhibition; task-based (state) inhibition improved with age, while self-reported (trait) inhibition remained stable across the sample. These findings suggest that while the core structure of executive control is stable throughout adolescence, its key components mature at different paces. In sum, the evidence reflects and extends dual-systems models by emphasizing the multicomponent nature of the cognitive control system and highlights the importance of distinguishing between state and trait measures to understand adolescent development.