Mindfulness-based meditation involves close observation and reflexive contemplation of one's own experience and can be seen as a practice that promotes cultural learning of metacognition. Theoretical models propose metacognition to be one of the underlying cognitive mechanisms of mindfulness. However, only few studies have examined metacognition objectively with laboratory tasks in relation to mindfulness. Here, we investigate whether the metacognitive process of monitoring and its accuracy are associated with mindfulness-based meditation practice. In total, n=61 young meditation practitioners and n=63 non-practitioners completed an adapted metacognitive visuo-spatial working memory task and provided monitoring judgments after each trial (confidence judgments [CJ] regarding recall performance). Monitoring accuracy was operationalized as the relationship between CJ and objective performance. All participants completed a self-report mindfulness questionnaire (MAAS), and practitioners a questionnaire on meditation depth as well as open questions regarding their meditation practice. Overall monitoring accuracy was significant (γ=.55, p<.001), indicating that participants were sensitive to variations in their memory performance. However, no group differences between practitioners and non-practitioners were observed, except for the MAAS (t=-3.14, p=.002), reflecting that practitioners reported higher levels of mindfulness. Within the group of practitioners, no features of meditation practice, nor questionnaire scores were significantly correlated with monitoring accuracy. Possible reasons for our null findings are discussed including the object of monitoring and the level of consciousness assessed in our metacognition task. Future research should consider the various conceptualizations of meta-awareness within contemplative traditions and its overlap with different facets of metacognition.