Submission 257
Correction of Misinformation as a Function of Narrative Text Structure
SymposiumTalk-05
Presented by: Benedikt T. Seger
We examined the extent to which recipients of narrative text revise their mental models (debunking effect) or stick to misinformation (continued influence effect, CIE) after its correction. These effects were measured using a rating scale on inference statements (= items) that are either compatible or incompatible with the corrected misinformation.
Study 1 (229 participants, 32 items) tested the CIE following the structural integration of corrections in narrative text (immediate refutation of misinformation), compared to its non-integration (delayed correction message). As expected, the CIE is higher in delayed compared to immediate corrections. In Experiment 1, this effect is moderated by emotional valence, with negative, but not positive misinformation increasing the CIE in immediate, but less so in delayed correction. When misinformation is emotionally neutral (Experiment 2), the psychological distance of the described events acts as a moderator. Accordingly, there is a relative increase in CIE when psychological distance is high and correction is immediate.
In Study 2 (302 participants, 60 items), we investigated how the structure of correction messages (as suggested in the Debunking Handbook; Lewandowsky et al., 2020; doi:10.17910/b7.1182) modulates the debunking effect. The debunking effect is higher when the misinformation is presented first, compared to a “sandwich” structure with the misinformation placed between facts. Debunking effects of longer correction messages are higher than those of shorter ones that summarize these, but lower than those of shorter messages that leave out the explanation why the misinformation is wrong. These findings are in conflict with some of the Debunking Handbook’s suggestions.