Environmental policies are addressing the issues closely related to public life such as waste disposal or energy problem. In environmental problems, residents and public organizations are concerned about the influence of the risk and the uncertainty of science and technology to the public health and livelihood. Thus, it is necessary to consider countermeasures that can obtain understanding of a diversity of public based on the variety of scholars’ expertise about science and social problems at national level environmental policies. In the policy related to environmental recovery by risk assessment and risk management about chemical substances, technical discussions tend to be mainly conducted. For such occasion, the adaptation which needs public understanding is not carried out. In the biodiversity, public participation is realized. For example, a law proposed by Member of Parliament to the Diet based on the "basic wildlife protection law (draft)" planned by citizen groups is formally legislated.
Therefore, in this study, we conducted case studies by text mining of minutes and observation survey in the policies of the environmental recovery and the biodiversity at the national level. According to the results, we revealed that expert committee is biased in engineering and public participation is unguaranteed in the policy making process of the environmental recovery. In the biodiversity, the network among the expert committee with various fields, species, and parties, public organization, and Member of Parliament was built.
In the environmental recovery, after the problems are exposed, at first, the risk assessment and the risk management is examined only by the scientific discussion and, the discussion for social issue by public participation in the policy making process is not examined without the advice of expert committee(1). In the biodiversity, the necessity of the public activity to achieve the common goals of conservation and protection of the natural environment and species is recognized. Thus, the public participation is realized from the stage of the agenda setting in the policy of the biodiversity.
In this study, we proposed a framework of public participation that enables resilience and adaptation from the risk and the uncertainty in future environmental problems. We concluded that it is urgent to create a network and program in the policy making process for discussion from both science and society and collaboration of various scholars of expert committees and diversity of publics about the risk and the uncertainty of science and technology for future environmental problems.