Residential PV Hosting Capacity Under High EV Adoption: A Swedish Low-Voltage Grid Study

This study assesses the combined impact of electric vehicle (EV) and residential rooftop photovoltaic (PV) deployment on Swedish low-voltage grids at a national scale using a synthetic grid model. The model combines measured Swedish household electricity demand and EV charging profiles with GIS-based PV generation profiles for detached houses and apartment buildings.

Grid performance is evaluated at 15-min resolution over a full year using 1,000 stochastic realizations for each 1 km × 1 km grid cell. Two scenario families are investigated, representing alternative spatial distributions of increasing PV deployment, together with EV penetration levels up to 100%. Results show that the grid impacts of EV charging and PV generation are largely separated in time, with undervoltage concentrated during winter evenings and overvoltage and thermal violations concentrated during daytime periods of high solar generation. Higher PV deployment in apartment buildings increases the number of violations, although the geographical extent of affected cells remains limited. In the highest-deployment scenario, undervoltage occurs in only slightly more than 20% of grid cells, while overvoltage and thermal violations affect less than 4% of cells.