Wind & Solar Track
Submission 266
Hybrid Wind + Grid-Forming BESS: Giga-Scale Grid Integration
02 GIW26-266
Presented by: Roozbeh Kabiri, Connor Jackson, Caro Schwarz
Roozbeh KabiriConnor JacksonCaro Schwarz
Vestas, Australia
As wind and hybrid wind–storage plants scale to very large capacities, grid integration performance is increasingly governed by the coupled dynamics of inverter controls, collector systems, and transmission‑level voltage regulation. This paper consolidates practical control strategies for compliance with modern grid codes under weak grid conditions, with specific focus on: (i) system strength constraints, minimum short‑circuit ratio (SCR) requirements, and fault‑level/protection interactions; (ii) coordinated voltage and reactive power control; and (iii) disturbance performance, including LVRT/HVRT capability and post‑fault recovery.

The paper centres on droop‑based operation of a grid‑forming (GFM) battery energy storage system (BESS) embedded in a hybrid power plant that also includes grid‑following (GFL) wind turbine converters. An overall control architecture is presented in which multiple Power Plant Controllers (PPCs) regulate point‑of‑connection voltage using voltage droop (V–Q) control, while dynamically allocating reactive power duty across wind converters, BESS inverters, and switched or passive assets such as harmonic filter banks. On‑load tap changer (OLTC) action regulates collector system voltage using a coordinated “fast PPC, slow OLTC” philosophy, designed to avoid adverse controller interactions and hunting.

Key design considerations are discussed, including deployment of multiple PPCs for wind and BESS subsystems, constraints on the active power managed by each PPC to satisfy largest single‑contingency criteria, selection of measurement and control locations, droop parameter tuning, coordination of active power limitation under export constraints, and interaction between droop control and LVRT/HVRT functions.

Particular attention is given to the representation of communication latency, sampling effects, and controller redundancy. The outcome is a set of practical, control‑centric recommendations enabling stable voltage regulation and robust ride‑through performance in inverter‑dominated, low‑SCR networks, without reliance on synchronous machines.