The rapid integration of inverter-based resources across European power systems has significantly changed grid dynamics and led to continuously evolving grid connection requirements. With increasing shares of converter-based generation, stability-related aspects such as fault response, weak-grid behavior, and control interactions have become central topics in grid integration studies. Recent updates to European grid codes, particularly following the implementation and ongoing evolution of the Network Code on Requirements for Generators (NC RfG), increasingly emphasize advanced converter functionalities, including grid-forming capabilities.

These developments have substantially expanded the scope and complexity of dynamic grid connection studies, particularly as national implementations increasingly incorporate grid-forming control concepts, Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), flexible loads into grid code requirements. Compared to earlier integration practices, project developers and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) are now required to perform significantly more comprehensive dynamic performance evaluations.

This presentation provides an overview of current TSO requirements for dynamic grid integration studies, focusing primarily on Germany and comparing selected requirements from other European countries, including Finland and Austria. The discussion covers current practices for RMS and EMT simulations, commonly used simulation tools such as DIgSILENT PowerFactory and PSCAD, as well as increasing requirements regarding operating points, fault scenarios, and converter control modes.

In addition, a representative simulation example is used to illustrate the growing number of technical aspects evaluated within a single dynamic study, including control performance, system interactions, and stability-related criteria. The presentation highlights the resulting challenges for both project developers and grid operators, particularly regarding the efficient and consistent assessment of increasingly large volumes of simulation results.

The presented findings demonstrate a clear trend toward more detailed and demanding dynamic grid connection studies across Europe and underline the need for scalable and structured assessment methodologies to support the ongoing expansion of inverter-based resources in future power systems.