Submission 310
Residential Electrification and Its Impact on Swedish Low-Voltage Distribution Networks: The Role of PV, EVs, Heat Pumps, and Battery Storage
04 GIW26-310
Presented by: Pei Huang
Gaurab Raj Pandey 1Pei Huang 1, Reza Fachrizal 1
1 Mälardalen University, Sweden
2 Dalarna University, Sweden

The increasing adoption of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, heat pumps (HPs), electric vehicles (EVs), and battery energy storage systems (BESS) in residential areas poses technical challenges for low-voltage (LV) distribution grids, including voltage violations, higher losses, and increased peak loads. However, the combined, incremental impact of these technologies on Swedish residential LV grids remains unexamined. This study assessed these impacts via alternating current (AC) power-flow simulation of a 47-villa LV radial feeder in Eskilstuna, Sweden, across four seasonal weeks, investigating the impacts of (i) electrical distance between electrified villas and the transformer, and (ii) incrementally adding different levels of electrification and storage across the feeder. The magnitude, duration, and system losses due to voltage violations increased with the electrical distance between electrified villas and the transformer. HP and uncontrolled EV charging caused winter undervoltage and higher peak load, while rooftop PV caused overvoltage in spring, summer, and autumn. Adding BESS and vehicle-to-home (V2H) reduced voltage violations and losses, and reduced peak load, while increasing PV self-consumption (SC) and self-sufficiency (SS) relative to the fully electrified case without storage. In most cases, BESS outperformed V2H due to its constant availability. These findings show that feeder location, technology mix, and storage jointly determine grid impact.