This paper investigates the technical feasibility and safety of utilizing Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology for 3-phase island operation and backup power. While modern electric vehicles (EVs) are increasingly V2G-capable, their onboard converters can typically only power single-phase loads and DC bidirectional chargers are typically grid-following and require an external battery and grid-forming inverter to establish a reference voltage during blackouts. The study evaluates several common European hybrid PV–battery systems to determine their ability to support V2G in micro-grids. The tests were conducted in the laboratory of the University of Gävle as part of a pilot with 250 V2G chargers of which 50 chargers are dedicated to DSOs to utilise their own EV cars for grid support, including backup power. A target was to derive the smallest external power from batery and grid forming inverter required to allow the projects 11 kW V2G grid-following chargers to operate. Key focus areas of the tests include power quality, potential converter-driven instability, and electrical safety. A critical component of the testing involves verifying automatic shutdown procedures during the loss of earth connection. The findings aim to establish whether V2G can provide a reliable, cost-effective, and low-emission alternative to diesel generators for community emergency assistant points and private residences during prolonged crises.

The objectives of this work were to:

* Determine whether the most common hybrid PV–storage providers can support island operation, thereby enabling V2G operation.

* Evaluate power quality and electrical safety of bidirectional charging during island operation.

* Assess risk of converter-driven instability, including oscillations, between V2G converters and commonly deployed hybrid PV–battery inverters on the European market.