E-Mobility Track
Submission 344
Optimizing Decentralized Hydrogen and Electricity Supply via Bidirectional Vehicle Integration in Off-Grid Scenarios
05 GIW26-344
Presented by: Nies Reininghaus
Nies Reininghaus 1, Michael Kröner 1, Astrid Pistoor 1, Daniel Niehaus 2, Martin Vehse 1, Alexander Dyck 1, Julian Jepsen 2
1 German Aerospace Center, Germany
2 Helmholtz-Zentrum hereon, Germany

Maintaining resilient, grid-independent energy supply is necessary for critical infrastructure, yet often limited by renewable vari-

ability and storage constraints. This paper investigates whether bidirectional vehicle integration can enhance off-grid hydrogen

supply under such conditions. The Digi-HyPro project develops a containerised Smart-Energy-Transform-Unit (SET-Unit) that

produces, stores, and delivers hydrogen using metal hydride storage. A 60 kW electrolyser is powered either from grid-connected

DC fast charging or – in off-grid scenarios – from a containerised 100 kWp PV plant and a 100 kW wind turbine. Bidirectionally

charging vehicles provide approximately 50 kWh of usable storage capacity each, acting as the system’s battery as an add-on

option in off-grid usage. The system must replenish 156 kg of usable hydrogen between weekly refuelling events for marine

applications. A rule-based dispatch model, cross-validated against an oemof-solph/CBC optimal-dispatch solution, simulates

one year of operation at six European naval locations. Vehicle-to-grid integration measurably improves hydrogen output (+0.4

to +7.4 % annually), with the greatest gains where curtailable surplus is high and production variability is low. However, even

under solver-optimal dispatch, no location achieves the 156 kg weekly target with current renewable capacity, indicating that full

off-grid resilience requires substantially expanded renewable generation or relaxed refuelling intervals. These results demonstrate

a validated tool for planning resilient supply stations with V2G-based self-supply fallback options.