The electrification of road transport is expected to play a central role in energy system decarbonisation. However, the extent to which electric vehicle (EV) charging behaviour affects renewable energy integration and power system operation remains insufficiently understood, particularly in emerging electricity systems where renewable expansion and transport electrification are evolving simultaneously. This study investigates how different EV charging strategies may influence renewable energy utilisation and operational conditions in the Peruvian power system. The research focuses on how charging behaviour modifies electricity demand patterns and interacts with variable renewable generation and transmission constraints as transport electrification increases.

To address this question, the study develops a soft-linked modelling framework that combines the long-term energy system model OSeMOSYS with the power system simulation platform PyPSA through a charging behaviour module specifically designed to translate annual EV electricity demand into nodal hourly charging profiles. The module encompasses various vehicle categories, charging contexts, and temporal charging strategies, enabling the systematic analysis of EV charging behaviour in power system simulations.

Transport electrification scenarios are first generated using OSeMOSYS to estimate the evolution of EV electricity demand and generation capacity under different transition pathways. These outputs are processed through the charging behaviour module, which converts annual EV electricity demand into spatially distributed hourly charging loads. The resulting demand profiles are then integrated into a PyPSA representation of the Peruvian electricity system to simulate system operation and to evaluate the interactions among EV charging demand, renewable generation variability, and transmission network constraints. Three charging strategies are examined: uncontrolled charging, night-time charging, and smart charging approaches that shift demand toward periods of higher renewable availability. The analysis aims to evaluate how charging behaviour may influence electricity demand patterns, renewable energy utilisation, and potential operational constraints in the power system.

By combining long-term energy system modelling with detailed representations of charging behaviour and power system operation, this research contributes a methodological framework for analysing the interaction between transport electrification and renewable integration in emerging electricity systems. The approach provides insights relevant to energy planning, charging infrastructure strategies, and the design of policies that support the decarbonisation of both the transport and power sectors in countries with characteristics similar to those of the Global South. This work forms part of an ongoing PhD research project focused on energy system modelling and decarbonisation pathways for Peru.