Wind energy is the most important renewable energy source in Germany. To effectively integrate wind power into the energy system, it is essential to understand both the temporal and spatial characteristics of wind power feed-in on a micro- and large-scale.

While existing approaches for large-scale yield calculations often rely on simplified models that overlook microscale losses, this study presents a novel approach that integrates microscale loss calculations while still enabling simulations on a national scale.

For this purpose, a fully automated model chain was developed that utilizes various high-resolution spatial and temporal input data, combines them with loss calculation models, and returns specific losses and yields for individual wind turbines.

The models were applied to onshore wind turbines in Germany, using a wake loss model and a model for losses due to bat curtailments. Simulation results show that the model chain enables calculating large-scale losses based on microscale loss calculations. A comparison of losses between different federal states in Germany shows that the importance of different loss types exhibits strong regional variations.

The developed model chain is suitable for a wide range of use cases, especially for the simulation, planning and optimization of energy systems on regional and local scales.