Renewable energy sources and electric vehicles (EVs) that do not emit CO₂ are expected to become more widespread to achieve carbon neutrality. A balance between energy production and consumption in a local area is essential to ensure energy security.

This paper focuses on the power supply-demand balance of a regional microgrid model using renewable energy sources and V2X-controlled EVs. The microgrid is assumed to be located in the northern part of Hokkaido, a cold and snowy region where using EVs is relatively challenging.

The modelled microgrid includes the power demand from a town hall, a hospital, and a welfare center, the power supply from a biogas power plant and a photovoltaic power plant, and six official-use EVs as batteries. The author's previous study did not consider practical vehicle behavior data, such as how EVs drive and park. Thus, the impact of V2X-controlled EVs on the power supply-demand balance was not analyzed precisely.

The behavior of official-use vehicles in the town of Hokkaido was measured to improve the accuracy of the microgrid's power demand-supply analysis. The measured data were used to analyze the changes in EV batteries' state of charge (SOC) and the daily parking time ratio.

Six actual official vehicles were selected to collect behavior data, considering vehicle types, usage purposes, and the total mileage necessary in the modelled microgrid. GEOTAB, a telematics device equipped with GPS, was installed in the six practical vehicles to measure data such as mileage, travel time, and battery state of charge. The measurement period started in August 2024.

The daily initial SOC of EVs is an essential parameter in maintaining the power demand-supply balance in the microgrid using V2X-controlled EVs. The measurement results show that the daily initial SOC of official-use vehicles in the modelled microgrid can be set at 89 %.

The ratio of time that official vehicles were parked at the town hall per day was analyzed using the measurement data. The correlation between the average temperature on each day and the parking time ratio of EVs and hybrid vehicles(HEVs) was investigated. The monthly-average correlation coefficient was calculated. The results showed that drivers' intention to use EVs decreases as the temperature decreases, and the parking time ratio tends to increase. In months with an average temperature of 5 deg Celsius or lower, a negative correlation was observed between EVs and HEVs' average parking time ratio and the average temperature.

The authors will conduct simulations of the power demand-supply balance in a microgrid composed of a photovoltaic power plant, a biogas power plant, and V2X-controlled EVs. The measured vehicle behavior data shows that vehicle behavior can be classified based on temperature conditions and used to build EV simulation models. Since the official vehicle behavior data will soon be accumulated for one year, the full paper will report the detailed analysis of the vehicle behavior data and the microgrid simulation results.