Within the interconnected power system of continental Europe Deterministic Frequency Deviations (DFD) appeared since the inherent active power deviation between the hourly traded and delivered discrete generation and the continuous changing load increased. In the past decades DFDs were on the one hand diminished by the introduction of 15-minutes trading products, but otherwise further increased by the extension of energy trading in general within the power system.

In the near future, there is fear of that trading of PV with steep continuous active power gradients in combination with a increasing capacities of battery storage, able to follow the discrete trading product with steep gradients, will lead to active power deviations respectively DFDs which will affect system operation fundamentally.

The paper will highlight the relation between increasing active power gradients of PV, trading with batterie storage and the predicted strongly rise in active power imbalances, respectively DFDs.

Furthermore, the paper will review different possible countermeasures, like trading with 5-minute products, increasing the provision of Automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR), or ramping requirements for scheduled operating point changes. Finally, the paper will give a recommendation and schedule, how to mitigate the problem.

Both, the predicted development, as well as the effect of counter measures will be verified by simulation results.