We examine parental demand for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in a survey experiment conducted with large sample of parents in the Czech Republic. In a hypothetical decision setting, respondents reported their maximum willingness to pay (WTP) or minimum willingness to accept (WTA) a bonus payment to state an intention to vaccinate their 14-year-old daughter. The between-subjects design varies (i) the stated population-level effectiveness of the vaccine across three levels, (ii) the structure of a monetary incentive—comparing unconditional bonus payments with payments conditional on aggregate vaccination uptake exceeding a predefined threshold—and (iii) the designated recipient of the bonus payment, either the parent or the child upon reaching adulthood. We find no significant effects of incentive structure or payment recipient on either WTP or WTA. Lower stated vaccine effectiveness significantly reduces willingness to pay relative to the baseline, whereas a moderate increase in effectiveness yields no significant change. Even under the highest effectiveness scenario, 16% of parents remain unwilling to vaccinate their daughter despite compensation exceeding the equivalent of two average monthly wages. We discuss potential explanations for this substantial residual resistance to HPV vaccination and consider the implications for policies aimed at achieving herd immunity.