Objective: This study aimed to develop and assess a composite scaffold combining poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL), Akermanite (Akr), and collagen (Col) to enhance its suitability for bone tissue engineering.

Methodology. The scaffold's morphology, chemistry, hydrophilicity, and biological performance were evaluated, particularly its interaction with human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). Morphological analysis using optical microscopy confirmed a suitable pore structure, while Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) verified the incorporation of Akr and surface modification with Col. Water contact angle measurements indicated improved hydrophilicity in the PCL-Akr-Col scaffold, suggesting better biocompatibility.

Results. DPSCs seeded on the scaffolds were analyzed for proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation. The MTT assay revealed significantly higher cell proliferation on the PCL-Akr-Col scaffold, especially at days 7 and 10. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed enhanced cell adhesion and organization, with distinct cell layers forming by day 35. Osteogenic differentiation was confirmed through alizarin red staining, which demonstrated the greatest calcium deposition in the PCL-Akr-Col group. Gene expression analysis using RT-qPCR showed upregulation of osteogenic markers RUNX2 and SSP1, further supporting the scaffold’s osteoinductive properties.

Conclusion: the scaffold composed of PCL, Akr, and Col in a 79:20:1 wt% ratio exhibited superior physical and biological performance. It supported DPSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation more effectively than control scaffolds (PCL, PCL-Akr, and PCL-Col), making it a promising candidate for bone regeneration applications.