Objective: In the face of strong international competition, effective national innovation policies are required to fund and structure the sector of organoids and organs-on-a-chip (O&OOCs) technologies. This work aims to provide an overview of the ongoing efforts to finance and structure the emerging O&OOCs industrial ecosystem in France. It also aims to enhance understanding of the potential effects of these policies on the development and adoption of O&OOCs technologies. It is designed to assist stakeholders in identifying key actors and potential partnerships.

Methods: We identified existing health innovation policies and examined the roles and distribution of competences among both established and emerging actors. We then focused our analysis on their interactions, especially through public-private partnerships and available fundings. Our results are finally illustrated through graphical representations that map actors, their roles and links.

Results: We identified a diversity range of actors, both private and public, bound together by different types of links (contractual, institutional, informal etc.). Their work is supported by the French Government through a variety of incentives (grants, strategic agreements, innovation plans etc.). While significant progress is underway, a host of challenges remains. These challenges range from technological maturity and validation, adapting regulatory frameworks, gaining market access, growing at industrial scale, building industry-academia partnerships, and ensuring public acceptability. Further engagement of stakeholders and ongoing discussions are required to address these gaps and build consensus.

Conclusion: This study highlights the ongoing funding and structuring efforts to develop the nascent industrial sector of O&OOCs in France. It underlines the importance of stakeholders’ interactions, the involvement of regulators at an early stage of product development, and the need to establish bottom-up norms through consensus-building mechanisms.