Biodiversity is not merely an ecological heritage: it is an inexhaustible source of bioactive molecules shaped by extreme evolutionary pressures. The REPARAPOLI project (ECOSISTER – PNRR) explored this perspective by valorising pruning residues from the Biancolilla olive cultivar grown in Pantelleria (Sicily), a variety adapted to exceptionally harsh conditions including prolonged water stress, constant wind, and volcanic soils. Phytochemical analyses performed by LC-ESI-TOF-MS revealed a significantly richer polyphenolic profile compared to olives grown in less extreme environments (Garda lake area), with a greater diversity of glycosylated compounds and phenylpropanoids. The most striking finding was the exclusive presence of verbascoside in Pantelleria extracts: this glycosylated phenylethanoid — absent in control samples — is well known for its potent antioxidant, anti inflammatory and photoprotective activity. The extraction process was designed according to green chemistry and circular economy principles, combining deep eutectic solvents (DES), sonication, microwave-assisted extraction and lytic enzymes to maximise yield while minimising environmental impact. Pruning residues, otherwise destined for disposal, are thus transformed into high-value raw materials. In vitro biological testing confirmed strong antioxidant activity (ORAC assay) and marked protective efficacy against UVA-induced oxidative stress in human keratinocytes. Stability studies validated the robustness of the extracts over time, supporting the development of two finished product prototypes: a cosmetic cream formulation and an aqueous extract for nutraceutical use. This work demonstrates how local biodiversity — understood as evolutionary adaptation to extreme conditions — can generate distinctive, non-replicable functional ingredients. The territorial identity of Pantelleria becomes a scientific competitive advantage: personal care products rooted in the biological diversity that a land uniquely expresses.