The restoration of agricultural ecosystems and pollinator populations is a priority under Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 and the National Nature Restoration Plan (NRP), consistent with the objectives of protecting biodiversity and the need to make agri-food systems more sustainable and resilient.

Articles 10 and 11 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1991 respectively require the adoption of measures to halt the decline of pollinators by 2030 and subsequently promote their recovery, through a common European monitoring system, and the implementation of restoration measures to strengthen the biodiversity of agricultural ecosystems, the effectiveness of which must be assessed based on the various monitoring indicators defined by the regulation.

The preliminary document of the NRP, currently being publicly consulted by the Ministry of the Environment, fits into this framework. It identifies selected monitoring indicators for agricultural ecosystems -common butterfly index, share of agricultural area characterized by high-diversity landscape elements, and common avifauna index - and defines a series of restoration measures for agricultural ecosystems and pollinator populations. These include the sustainable use of plant protection products, support for organic farming, protection of meadows and pastures, management of green infrastructure, and protection of wetlands. These measures, whose implementation is estimated at 40-50% of the national UAA, were selected based on their contribution to achieving the regulation's restoration objectives and their consistency with the 2023-2027 CAP interventions.

From this perspective, the NRP represents an important opportunity to strengthen the integration between environmental objectives, the CAP, and territorial planning, with positive effects on biodiversity and the resilience of agricultural systems.

However, some critical issues remain related to the complexity of the monitoring system, the need to strengthen institutional coordination, and the need to ensure financial support for farmers. Full implementation of the Plan will therefore require harmonization of restoration objectives, administrative capacity, and the economic sustainability of the interventions.