Public and scientific debates increasingly frame contemporary European societies as deeply divided, particularly regarding climate change and non-heteronormative ways of life. While recent research questions the extent of polarization in Europe, empirical evidence on how different types of attitudes cluster—and whether they reflect socio-structural cleavages—remains limited. This study investigates the polarizing potential of these two attitude domains using data from the European Social Survey Round 10 for Austria, Italy, Poland, and Sweden. We develop an analytical framework that distinguishes four attitudinal patterns: consistent high support/high awareness, consistent low support/low awareness, and two “mixed” types combining strong views on only one of the issues. Exploratory factor analysis confirms that attitudes toward climate change and toward non-heteronormative ways of life form two distinct yet moderately correlated scales. Our multinomial regression analyses reveal that education and gender are the strongest predictors of attitudinal patterns. Rural residents report slightly higher climate-change awareness, while urban residents show greater tolerance toward non-heteronormative lifestyles. Country differences indicate that Sweden displays the highest prevalence of open-minded attitudes, whereas Italy and Poland show larger groups with consistently low support/awareness. The sizable proportion of respondents belonging to both “strong” groups suggests some potential for cognitive polarization, which may transform into affective polarization when activated by specific policies or emotionally charged “trigger points.” The study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of polarization in Europe and highlights avenues for cross-national and longitudinal research.