This paper examines Russia’s colonial policy, particularly focusing on what can be termed "anti-Western colonialism." Moscow arguably engages in colonial practices against Ukrainians, driven by a deep-seated resentment of the West. This form of colonialism involves viewing these targeted groups as inferior cultures but also extends to a broader hostility toward the West itself. Russia perceives the West as hypocritical, claiming to uphold democratic values and human rights while allegedly seeking to impose its lifestyle, culture, and values on others—essentially acting as the true colonizers. Russia frames the nations they target as "inferior" and unable to achieve true independence or sovereignty, believing the West is manipulating these nations to act against Russian interests. According to this perspective, the targeted nations, such as Ukrainians, must either be integrated into Russia’s superior civilization, or they risk becoming mere tools of hostile Western powers in a zero-sum game. This colonialism is often intertwined with cultural genocide, aiming to erase the national identity of these groups to prevent them from being used by the West as instruments against Russia. The discourse of this anti-Western colonialism also includes a claim of self-defense: Russia argues is has been compelled to (re-)colonize Ukraine as a protective measure against Western expansionism. This is framed not only as a civilizing mission but also as a "protection" mission—claiming that Russians are acting in the best interest of the colonized, who are depicted as too backward and inferior to recognize the malign influence of the West or to resist it effectively.