To what extent is there a gender gap in how citizens perceive their political representation? Is there variation across voters of different parties and countries? In pursuing this question, we leverage a novel dataset from the Horizon project ActEU survey covering 10 different countries, expanding the severely limited extant measures on subjective representation. We contribute to the debate about political representation in three ways. Firstly, we examine citizens’ perceptions along two dimensions of representation: descriptive and substantive representation. Secondly, we develop novel measures of substantive representation that distinguish between agenda-setting and actual policy outcomes. Thirdly, we conduct an intersectional analysis of perceptions, which goes beyond traditional gender gaps (women vs. men) and explores diversity within these groups.