The rise of far-right parties across Europe has reshaped the political landscape, with Spain, experiencing a significant shift following Vox's emergence as the third largest party in the Congress of Deputies. Despite its growing electoral support, Vox faces a pronounced gender gap, as men are more inclined to vote for the party. Simultaneously, Spain has witnessed the increasing prominence of feminism, exemplified by the 8-M protests since 2017, which have mobilised women in an unprecedented way.

This study, which is part of the TwiceAsGood project, examines the intersection of antifeminist and sexist attitudes with voting behaviour in Spain, focusing on data from a post-election survey conducted after the July 2023 general election. Our findings show a significant gender gap in attitudes, with men exhibiting higher levels of modern sexism and antifeminism than women. They also confirm previous research suggesting that modern sexism significantly influence men’s support for the radical right (VOX) and decrease the likelihood of voting for progressive forces such as the Spanish Socialist Party (PSOE).
Our study contributes to existing literature by highlighting the crucial role of aversion to the feminist movement in shaping the Spanish electoral landscape. Anti-feminist sentiments not only drive men to support the radical right, but also weaken their alignment with left-wing parties. By highlighting the interplay between gender dynamics, social perceptions and voting behaviour, this study sheds light on the connection between sexist and anti-feminist attitudes and electoral choices.