Names often serve as markers of ethnic and racial identity, shaping perceptions and decisions across various social contexts. While name-based discrimination has been widely studied in societies with a dominant language—typically as a tool for discriminating against perceived ethnic outgroups—less is known about how this discrimination functions within multilingual societies where identities overlap. In Catalonia, where ethnic and political identities intersect amid ongoing polarization surrounding independence, we investigate whether name-based discrimination extends beyond employment contexts. Using a conjoint experiment simulating adoption applications, we find systematic evidence of bias favoring couples with Catalan-sounding names over those with Spanish-sounding names. These findings highlight how ancestry and political ideology shape discriminatory preferences, revealing that such biases influence social decisions beyond political domains. This research broadens our understanding of ethnic discrimination within multilingual societies and its wider societal implications.