Estamos Listas: The effect of identity-based parties on political minorities' participation
P5-S112-2
Presented by: Nerea Gandara Guerra
Political minorities often seek to enhance their representation by developing identity-based political movements. These initiatives are especially crucial in non-consolidated democracies, where party machines dominate the political space, and segments of the electorate feel alienated from democratic institutions. Previous research examining the fates of group-based party strategies has yielded mixed results on translating these movements into empowering political initiatives. This study contributes to the field by examining a novel case involving a women-led movement, the Colombian political party Estamos Listas, which successfully ran for the city council of Medellín after mobilizing 40,000 signatures and securing 28,000 votes within a year. We first assess the impact of Estamos Listas on increasing women's political turnout by analyzing detailed polling station data disaggregated by gender. Using a difference-in-differences design, we compare turnout trends between men-majority and women-majority polling stations before and during Estamos Listas' inaugural election in 2019. Results indicate that Estamos Listas positively influenced women's electoral participation, increasing their turnout by 1.3 percentage points, a raise that correlates with vote-shares obtained by the party. To better understand the dynamics behind this change, we conducted semi-structured interviews with Estamos Listas' leaders. Qualitative evidence suggests that the party leveraged pre-existing social connections between women to create a network that fostered a sense of belonging to the political realm. This paper contributes to understanding how identity-based parties can electorally mobilize their target group and thus empower political minorities.
Keywords: political participation, political minorities, gender and politics, mobilization, group-based appeals