How does a politician’s identity impact public good provision? Existing literature in developing countries emphasises the potential of female politicians to change existing gender norms and serve as role models to encourage education of girls. Women politicians may focus on education policies, but their choices might be shaped or constrained by existing gender norms and opportunities. I focus on India, a context where women have been excluded from politics and education, although political gender quotas offer a potential pathway to mitigate these inequalities. I examine the causal impact of randomized gender quotas for local government leadership on education provision and access. I study rural and urban municipalities in Rajasthan and Delhi, leveraging electoral, administrative, survey, and geolocated school-level data to create novel education measures between 2005 and 2018. I find that while political gender quotas do not affect school infrastructure, they have a positive effect on enrolment overall. Specifically, government school enrolment increases for boys and girls in urban municipalities whereas rural areas see an increase in private school enrolment. I explore potential reasons for this urban-rural difference including length of exposure to gender quotas, electoral incentives and state capacity. Additionally, I find limited evidence of a differential impact of quotas for women from disadvantaged castes on children from those castes. Planned fieldwork next April will help further assess the mechanisms behind why female politicians engage with education in this context. This paper contributes to the literature on the impact of gender quotas and education provision across levels of government.