What determines American citizens’ views of the administrative state? For decades, the political discourse in the US has revolved around the question of what the role of government in society should be. A crucial component of this discourse is how American citizens perceive the administrative state, with views ranging from very positive attitudes to complete opposition and open hostility. In this study, based on an original survey with more than 1,100 participants, we present a comprehensive analysis of the factors that influence Americans’ attitudes toward the bureaucracy. Among others, we explore the roles that value systems, political affiliation, personal experience, and information about bureaucratic performance play. We empirically compare and contrast the relative influence of these factors in shaping individual perceptions of governmental institutions.