How does gender segregation at the polling place shape political participation? Gender-specific polling stations are common in an increasing number of developing countries. While common arguments in favor of gender-segregated polling stations assert that they facilitate female electoral participation, no empirical evidence exists supporting this assertion. Evaluating the effectiveness of female-only polling stations is crucial for understanding how to reduce gender gaps in political participation. However, quantifying the effect of administrative decisions like gender-segregation is empirically challenging since most countries have either gender-segregated or mixed stations, but rarely both. We address this question using new data from the 2018 Pakistani General Election, which used both female-only, male-only, and gender-mixed polling stations across the country. This administrative feature allows us to match different types of stations within the same neighborhoods to identify the effects of female-only stations on female turnout and voting behavior, while holding constant other factors that might vary geographically and affect gender-specific turnout.